Anti-surrogacy activists denounce exploitation of poor women, human trafficking

Bernardo García is executive director of the Casablanca Declaration. / Credit: “EWTN Noticias”/Screenshot

Lima Newsroom, Jun 17, 2025 / 09:42 am (CNA).

Bernardo García, executive director of the Casablanca Declaration, a coalition that calls for the universal abolition of surrogacy, said that in reality the practice amounts to “the exploitation of poor women and the sale of children.” The Casablanca Declaration takes its name from a conference on the subject held in Casablanca, Morocco, in 2023.

García spoke to “EWTN Noticias,” the Spanish-language broadcast edition of EWTN News, during the coalition’s third summit, held last week in Lima, Peru, with specialists in bioethics, law, and communications participating.

García emphasized that the Casablanca Declaration “is an NGO [nongovernmental organization] that informs about the risks and dangers of surrogacy worldwide and actively promotes an international treaty at the United Nations level to abolish this practice.”

“We believe that the authorities, as well as the public, need to be aware of the reality of this market, because it is often presented as an alternative fertility technique, as an alternative adoption technique, but this is really the exploitation of poor women and the sale of children,” he emphasized.

García pointed out the importance of banning surrogacy, a practice in which several Latin American countries have become the center of operations in recent years.

According to García, the Casablanca Declaration brings together specialists from more than 80 countries and was launched in response to the global growth of surrogacy, an industry valued at $22.4 billion in 2024, according to Global Market Insights.

*A practice that violates the rights of women and babies*

Lorena Bolson, dean of the Institute of Family Sciences at Austral University in Argentina, explained that surrogacy “involves a violation of all kinds of rights, both for the woman who carries the child and, above all, for the child, who ends up being the most forgotten one.”

Commissioning parents are the ones who contract for the baby. María Carrillo, a professor at Pan American University in Mexico, noted: “There are homosexual couples who resort to this practice because they naturally cannot have children. There are also heterosexual couples with infertility problems, and even single people... As long as they can afford it, they can access it.”

In Mexico, the states of Tabasco and Sinaloa allow surrogacy. Carrillo noted that it also is done in other states, although illegally. The majority of those seeking Mexican women for this purpose are primarily from the United States, Spain, and Asia.

Mexico “is a country with very high poverty rates, and there are women who are truly in desperate, vulnerable situations who seek this practice as a means to support their families,” Carrillo indicated.

*Argentina and Uruguay*

Women who agree to become surrogates often sign contracts imposed by intermediary companies. Verónica Toller, national director of the Fight Against Human Trafficking and Exploitation in Argentina, follows these contracts closely.

“We are talking about human trafficking with contracts that [make the surrogate] absolutely subservient,” Toller said. “The Argentine justice system considers women bound by these contracts to have been reduced to servitude where there was economic violence, health-related violence, where the woman is abandoned if she loses the baby, for example, by not being responsible for her subsequent medical care.”

Verónica Toller is national director of the Fight Against Human Trafficking and Exploitation in Argentina. Credit: "EWTN Noticias"/Screenshot

Sometimes, she continued, “by order of the commissioning parents, babies are selectively discarded and aborted.”

In Uruguay, surrogacy is legal under certain conditions. As Sofía Maruri, a lawyer and human rights consultant, explained: “It is permitted for women who demonstrate that they cannot become pregnant due to fertility issues and can ask a relative, such as their mother or sister, to bear a child in their place, as long as the condition is that no money is involved.”

This case is known as “altruistic” surrogacy, in which the commissioning parents must cover the surrogate’s medical and food expenses.

*Tragedy of surrogacy in Ukraine*

One of the countries where surrogacy is legal is Ukraine. According to data from Casablanca, the cost of surrogacy in Ukraine ranges between $60,000 and $80,000, while in the United States it can reach $150,000. Therefore, many commissioning parents seek Ukrainian women, even in the midst of the conflict there.

In poor countries, surrogate mothers typically receive between $10,000 and $20,000. They must be between 25 and 35 years old and have had at least one child previously.

Faced with the pain of couples who want to have children but cannot, specialists at the Casablanca Declaration encourage them to opt for adoption.

In 2024, during the Second Casablanca Conference in Rome, the organizers met with Pope Francis, who encouraged them to continue defending human rights.

In the United States, surrogacy is governed by laws that vary from state to state. 

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.